Collection of terms

A collection of more than 100 words and definitions, from blockchain to NFT, can help speak Crypto fluently.

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51%attack is also called a majority attack and is a type of attack on blockchain. A minor group with more than 50 % of the network mining hash rate (that is, computing capacity) may occur if you decide to take over the network operation. They may prevent other minors from recording blocks. This kind of attack is very difficult if the participation rate is high.

A

Payment ability taxation

Ability-to-pay is one of the concepts related to taxation. People who agree with this idea believe that tax should be taxed according to the payment ability. In other words, hig h-income individuals and companies should bear a higher tax rate. At the root of this idea is that money is less than the poor for the rich.

Unusual return

Excessive or low investment returns are known as abnormal returns. Unlike normal excess returns, such returns are not caused by the excellent work of investment managers. Instead, it is caused by unusual fundamentals and misconduct. The impact of abnormal returns is temporary.

Absolute advantage

Absolute advantage is the concept of economics. If a company can produce and distribute the same item as other companies, despite a smaller resource, the company is absolutely advantageous. The higher the dominance, the more efficient the production process.

Absolute return

Absolute return is the profit and loss of investment over a predetermined period. This value, which is represented by percentage, indicates whether the value of the entire assets has increased or decreased during that period. It is not easy to replace the absolute return with terms that apply to other types of investment.

Absorption cost calculation

Absorption Costing refers to a management accounting method, also called "Full Costing). In order to evaluate all costs related to the production of product, it is a method of assigning fixed coordination to a unit produced during a specific period. This is done regardless of whether it was sold. In addition, indirect expenses are also considered.

Accept risk

Accepting risk is also called risk acceptance and is one of the risk management strategies. This means "accepting" the risks associated with a business instead of finding a solution. Companies adopt this strategy when they are much more expensive to accept risks than find a solution.

The account is basically a record in the accounting system. It is for tracking user financial activities. The account can be used to create financial statements at the end of the accounting period. Details of each account are stored in a common ledger operated by the publisher.

Account balance

The account balance is the amount of a bank/ encryption account that can be accessed immediately. This is basically the difference between all deployments and credit transactions. In other words, it is the sum of the account after the transaction.

Account number

The account number is basically a number (sometimes character) used to identify the bank account and the person who has an account. This number is used for all transactions related to accounts. This account number is a kind of address and can be used when people send money to you.

Accounting maintenance

Accounting and conservatism is a bookkeeping guideline. According to this principle, an accountant should choose the inferior number if the number of solutions can be selected for accounting issues. In other words, it is better to ove r-record debt and overdo assets. This is part of the GAAP principle (GAAP), which was generally appropriate for the US Financial Accounting Council.

Accounting token

The accounting token is basically a tokenized or loan entry item (UOM or IOU). It represents the amount to be paid by the token holder, but is used only for accounting. Unlike stable coins, there is no backing of unexplored bills, so they cannot be treated as financial products.

Certified investor

Certified investors can invest in securities that are not registered as related financial regulations. Financial regulatory organizations vary depending on the jurisdiction area, and the certification criteria also differ. However, investors are usually certified based on assets, net assets, income, or rule.

Acceptance of the acredity < SPAN> risk is also called risk acceptance and is one of the risk management strategies. This means "accepting" the risks associated with a business instead of finding a solution. Companies adopt this strategy when they are much more expensive to accept risks than find a solution.

The account is basically a record in the accounting system. It is for tracking user financial activities. The account can be used to create financial statements at the end of the accounting period. Details of each account are stored in a common ledger operated by the publisher.

Account balance

The account balance is the amount of a bank/ encryption account that can be accessed immediately. This is basically the difference between all deployments and credit transactions. In other words, it is the sum of the account after the transaction.

Account number

The account number is basically a number (sometimes character) used to identify the bank account and the person who has an account. This number is used for all transactions related to accounts. This account number is a kind of address and can be used when people send money to you.

Accounting maintenance

Accounting and conservatism is a bookkeeping guideline. According to this principle, an accountant should choose the inferior number if the number of solutions can be selected for accounting issues. In other words, it is better to ove r-record debt and overdo assets. This is part of the GAAP principle (GAAP), which was generally appropriate for the US Financial Accounting Council.

Accounting token

The accounting token is basically a tokenized or loan entry item (UOM or IOU). It represents the amount to be paid by the token holder, but is used only for accounting. Unlike stable coins, there is no backing of unexplored bills, so they cannot be treated as financial products.

Certified investor

Certified investors can invest in securities that are not registered as related financial regulations. Financial regulatory organizations vary depending on the jurisdiction area, and the certification criteria also differ. However, investors are usually certified based on assets, net assets, income, or rule.

Acceptance of acredity risk is also called risk acceptance and is one of the risk management strategies. This means "accepting" the risks associated with a business instead of finding a solution. Companies adopt this strategy when they are much more expensive to accept risks than find a solution.

The account is basically a record in the accounting system. It is for tracking user financial activities. The account can be used to create financial statements at the end of the accounting period. Details of each account are stored in a common ledger operated by the publisher.

Account balance

The account balance is the amount of a bank/ encryption account that can be accessed immediately. This is basically the difference between all deployments and credit transactions. In other words, it is the sum of the account after the transaction.

Account number

The account number is basically a number (sometimes character) used to identify the bank account and the person who has an account. This number is used for all transactions related to accounts. This account number is a kind of address and can be used when people send money to you.

Accounting maintenance

Accounting and conservatism is a bookkeeping guideline. According to this principle, an accountant should choose the inferior number if the number of solutions can be selected for accounting issues. In other words, it is better to ove r-record debt and overdo assets. This is part of the GAAP principle (GAAP), which was generally appropriate for the US Financial Accounting Council.

Accounting token

The accounting token is basically a tokenized or loan entry item (UOM or IOU). It represents the amount to be paid by the token holder, but is used only for accounting. Unlike stable coins, there is no backing of unexplored bills, so they cannot be treated as financial products.

Certified investor

Certified investors can invest in securities that are not registered as related financial regulations. Financial regulatory organizations vary depending on the jurisdiction area, and the certification criteria also differ. However, investors are usually certified based on assets, net assets, income, or rule.

Acredite

Investors' profits by purchasing assets at a discounted price are called "added value." As the difference between the discounted price and the bond price of bonds increases over time, the added value increases. Corporate finance terms refer to the value created by merger or acquisition.

Cumulative income, costs, or interests for a certain period are called outbreaks. It is the amount that must be paid or received by the accumulation of debt and credit.

Occurrence accounting

The occurrenc e-based accounting (Accrual Accounting) is a method of accounting methods recorded in the year (not the year of payment). Transactions include profits and costs. Therefore, in this method, even if the customer has not yet paid the price, the accounting staff will record revenue after delivery. This is because the cost is incurred during the period of transaction.

No n-income profit

Unrivable profit is a revenue that has income but has not yet received it. This concept corresponds to an outbreak accounting. The point of this income calculation is to compare the income and costs of that period.

Unprofitable interest

Unpaid interest is the cumulative interest that the parties must pay or receive during a certain period. The feature is that the amount that has not been paid has not yet been paid for accounts such as balance sheet and profit and loss statement. It is part of the occurring accounting.

Unpaid money

Unpaid money is basically a type of financial debt. This type of debt is seen when the creditor has not yet received the invoice, so the money to pay has not yet appeared in the account. This type of debt usually occurs when companies purchase products and services in margin trading.

No n-income profit

Unprofitable profit is to record sales without receiving the price of products and services sold by companies. Usually, it occurs when the invoice has not been issued to the customer at the time of sale.

Cumulative stage

The Accumulation Phase is the stage of the market cycle immediately after the fall trend. In this phase, institutional investors have begun buying and suggest a future rise trend. The interests of institutional investors reflect the belief that their assets are underestimated but have great potential.

Investors' profits by purchasing assets at a cumulative/ distribution indicator < SPAN> at a discounted price are called "added value." As the difference between the discounted price and the bond price of bonds increases over time, the added value increases. Corporate finance terms refer to the value created by merger or acquisition.

Cumulative income, costs, or interests for a certain period are called outbreaks. It is the amount that must be paid or received by the accumulation of debt and credit.

Occurrence accounting

The occurrenc e-based accounting (Accrual Accounting) is a method of accounting methods recorded in the year (not the year of payment). Transactions include profits and costs. Therefore, in this method, even if the customer has not yet paid the price, the accounting staff will record revenue after delivery. This is because the cost is incurred during the period of transaction.

No n-income profit

Unrivable profit is a revenue that has income but has not yet received it. This concept corresponds to an outbreak accounting. The point of this income calculation is to compare the income and costs of that period.

Unprofitable interest

Unpaid interest is the cumulative interest that the parties must pay or receive during a certain period. The feature is that the amount that has not been paid has not yet been paid for accounts such as balance sheet and profit and loss statement. It is part of the occurring accounting.

Unpaid money

Unpaid money is basically a type of financial debt. This type of debt is seen when the creditor has not yet received the invoice, so the money to pay has not yet appeared in the account. This type of debt usually occurs when companies purchase products and services in margin trading.

No n-income profit

Unprofitable profit is to record sales without receiving the price of products and services sold by companies. Usually, it occurs when the invoice has not been issued to the customer at the time of sale.

Cumulative stage

The Accumulation Phase is the stage of the market cycle immediately after the fall trend. In this phase, institutional investors have begun buying and suggest a future rise trend. The interests of institutional investors reflect the belief that their assets are underestimated but have great potential.

Investors' profits by purchasing assets at the cumulative/ distribution indicator discount price are called "added value". As the difference between the discounted price and the bond price of bonds increases over time, the added value increases. Corporate finance terms refer to the value created by merger or acquisition.

Cumulative income, costs, or interests for a certain period are called outbreaks. It is the amount that must be paid or received by the accumulation of debt and credit.

Occurrence accounting

The occurrenc e-based accounting (Accrual Accounting) is a method of accounting methods recorded in the year (not the year of payment). Transactions include profits and costs. Therefore, in this method, even if the customer has not yet paid the price, the accounting staff will record revenue after delivery. This is because the cost is incurred during the period of transaction.

No n-income profit

Unrivable profit is a revenue that has income but has not yet received it. This concept corresponds to an outbreak accounting. The point of this income calculation is to compare the income and costs of that period.

Unprofitable interest

Unpaid interest is the cumulative interest that the parties must pay or receive during a certain period. The feature is that the amount that has not been paid has not yet been paid for accounts such as balance sheet and profit and loss statement. It is part of the occurring accounting.

Unpaid money

Unpaid money is basically a type of financial debt. This type of debt is seen when the creditor has not yet received the invoice, so the money to pay has not yet appeared in the account. This type of debt usually occurs when companies purchase products and services in margin trading.

No n-income profit

Unprofitable profit is to record sales without receiving the price of products and services sold by companies. Usually, it occurs when the invoice has not been issued to the customer at the time of sale.

Cumulative stage

The Accumulation Phase is the stage of the market cycle immediately after the fall trend. In this phase, institutional investors have begun buying and suggest a future rise trend. The interests of institutional investors reflect the belief that their assets are underestimated but have great potential.

Cumulative/ distribution indicator

Accumulation/Distribution Indicators are price and volume based indicators. The relationship between closing price and volume determines the current and future trends of an asset. In this indicator, "accumulation" refers to demand and "distribution" refers to the supply of an asset. Traders use this indicator as a momentum indicator to identify peaks and troughs to predict trend reversals.

Acid Test Ratio

The acid ratio is a simple test to determine the health of a company. It gives an overview of a company's liquidity. This is accomplished by comparing a company's short-term assets with its short-term liabilities. This allows us to see if the company has enough cash to pay its immediate liabilities.

Acquisition

When one company buys all or a majority of a company's shares from another company, it is called an acquisition. An acquisition gives the buyer decision-making power over the target company. Learn more here.

Acquisition Premium

An acquisition premium is the difference between the price paid for a company and its market value. It represents the amount the acquiring company paid above the fair value of the target company. The acquisition premium, called goodwill, remains as an intangible asset on the buyer's balance sheet after the acquisition. Goodwill represents brand names, stakeholder relationships, patents, etc.

B

Active Management

Active management is a way of managing a portfolio. In this management style, a manager or team of managers actively manages the portfolio. Managers make investment decisions based on anything from personal experience and forecasts to analytical research and fundamental analysis.

Activist Investors

Activist investors are individuals or institutional investors who seek to create change by gaining control of a company. These investors focus on undervalued companies and those with untapped potential. They do this by studying the fundamentals of the business.

Adaptive State Sharding Adaptive state sharding is an approach to sharding that combines three types of sharding in one: state sharding, transaction sharding, and network sharding. In other words, it is a partitioning technique that can adapt to an increase or decrease in the number of nodes without compromising the decentralization and security of the network. Its purpose is to improve communication and thus performance. It is used in the blockchain platform Elrond.

In the world of financial technology containing cipher, the address is a unique string that represents a wallet. Users can use addresses to send and receive funds and information, such as mail and email addresses. The address basically indicates a specific location of the wallet. All addresses are unique.

Management expenses

Management costs are the cost of a company to maintain a management system. This includes the cost of the management staff (salary and benefits), but is not limited to this. Such expenses are incurred separately from sales, marketing and surveys. Since it has nothing to do with the manufacturing process, it is considered indirect.

Recruitment curve

The recruitment curve is a diagram of the stage where a certain technology is adopted. Indicates a pace where technology is accepted. Since the recruitment rate varies depending on the subject, it is necessary to divide the target person to create a curve.

Advanced / retreating line

The A/D line is one of the technical indicators. It is used to plot the difference between the daily rise and decline of the stock market. To draw a line, add and draw numbers from the previous value. The A/D line is used to confirm the price trend and warn the reversal in the event of a divergence.

An affiliated company refers to a company that has a formal relationship with other companies. In other words, it also means that the two companies have some agreements and contracts, publicly declaring the relationship. Therefore, in order for a company to partner with another company, a common ownership, a common management, and a contract are required.

Agency problem

Agency issues are issues in corporate finance. The agency problem refers to the difficulty of persuading a certain agent / party to act with the highest priority on the interests of other agents, rather than their own interests. Most organizations facing this kind of conflicting issue, especially between management and shareholders.

Agency theory

Agency theory is a principle used to explain and solve problems between the two collaborators, Principal and Agent. Usually, principal is a shareholder and an agent is an agent. According to this theory, the two parties have different profits and priority, creating something known as the Principal Agent issue. Interest distribution and performanc e-linked rewards are the most common methods to solve this problem. In the world of financial technology containing < SPAN> ciphers, the address is a unique string that represents a wallet. Users can use addresses to send and receive funds and information, such as mail and email addresses. The address basically indicates a specific location of the wallet. All addresses are unique.

Management expenses

Management costs are the cost of a company to maintain a management system. This includes the cost of the management staff (salary and benefits), but is not limited to this. Such expenses are incurred separately from sales, marketing and surveys. Since it has nothing to do with the manufacturing process, it is considered indirect.

Recruitment curve

The recruitment curve is a diagram of the stage where a certain technology is adopted. Indicates a pace where technology is accepted. Since the recruitment rate varies depending on the subject, it is necessary to divide the target person to create a curve.

Advanced / retreating line

The A/D line is one of the technical indicators. It is used to plot the difference between the daily rise and decline of the stock market. To draw a line, add and draw numbers from the previous value. The A/D line is used to confirm the price trend and warn the reversal in the event of a divergence.

An affiliated company refers to a company that has a formal relationship with other companies. In other words, it also means that the two companies have some agreements and contracts, publicly declaring the relationship. Therefore, in order for a company to partner with another company, a common ownership, a common management, and a contract are required.

Agency problem

Agency issues are issues in corporate finance. The agency problem refers to the difficulty of persuading a certain agent / party to act with the highest priority on the interests of other agents, rather than their own interests. Most organizations facing this kind of conflicting issue, especially between management and shareholders.

Agency theory

Agency theory is a principle used to explain and solve problems between the two collaborators, Principal and Agent. Usually, principal is a shareholder and an agent is an agent. According to this theory, the two parties have different profits and priority, creating something known as the Principal Agent issue. Interest distribution and performanc e-linked rewards are the most common methods to solve this problem. In the world of financial technology containing cipher, the address is a unique string that represents a wallet. Users can use addresses to send and receive funds and information, such as mail and email addresses. The address basically indicates a specific location of the wallet. All addresses are unique.

Management expenses

Management costs are the cost of a company to maintain a management system. This includes the cost of the management staff (salary and benefits), but is not limited to this. Such expenses are incurred separately from sales, marketing and surveys. Since it has nothing to do with the manufacturing process, it is considered indirect.

Recruitment curve

The recruitment curve is a diagram of the stage where a certain technology is adopted. Indicates a pace where technology is accepted. Since the recruitment rate varies depending on the subject, it is necessary to divide the target person to create a curve.

Advanced / retreating line

The A/D line is one of the technical indicators. It is used to plot the difference between the daily rise and decline of the stock market. To draw a line, add and draw numbers from the previous value. The A/D line is used to confirm the price trend and warn the reversal in the event of a divergence.

An affiliated company refers to a company that has a formal relationship with other companies. In other words, it also means that the two companies have some agreements and contracts, publicly declaring the relationship. Therefore, in order for a company to partner with another company, a common ownership, a common management, and a contract are required.

Agency problem

Agency issues are issues in corporate finance. The agency problem refers to the difficulty of persuading a certain agent / party to act with the highest priority on the interests of other agents, rather than their own interests. Most organizations facing this kind of conflicting issue, especially between management and shareholders.

Agency theory

Agency theory is a principle used to explain and solve problems between the two collaborators, Principal and Agent. Usually, principal is a shareholder and an agent is an agent. According to this theory, the two parties have different profits and priority, creating something known as the Principal Agent issue. Interest distribution and performanc e-linked rewards are the most common methods to solve this problem.

An agent is an individual or organization that acts on behalf of another person, the principal. An agent usually has the authority to enter into contracts on behalf of the principal. There is usually a written, oral, or at least an implied understanding between the two. Decisions made by the agent can and do affect the legal status and obligations of the principal.

Aggregate Demand

Aggregate demand is a measure of the demand for all finished services and goods that an economy produces. It refers to the total amount of money exchanged as a result of that demand at a set price and time. To calculate it, add up the total purchases made by businesses, households, governments, and foreign buyers via exports. Then subtract the portion of demand that is satisfied by imports.

Aggressive Investment Strategy

An aggressive investment strategy is a high-risk investment strategy. The goal of this strategy is to generate the greatest possible returns in financial markets by investing in high-risk assets. This can include anything from options trading to emerging market investments and high-yield bond investments.

Airdrops are a type of marketing strategy employed by crypto startups. It is the delivery of Bitcoin or other tokens to active trading or investment wallets in exchange for free or nominal promotional services. Airdrops help spread awareness of new coin projects and are usually used after an Initial Coin Offering (ICO).

"Altcoin" is an umbrella term that refers to all cryptos except Bitcoin. Since Bitcoin is considered the first crypto ever, all other coins have become known as "alternative coins". Most altcoins are more volatile than Bitcoin, so they are primarily used to diversify investments in the crypto market. Ethereum is the top altcoin by market capitalization as of September 14, 2022.

Angel Investor

An angel investor is someone who provides funding to small and medium-sized businesses and startups in exchange for equity or tokens. Such investors are called angels because they often step in to help companies when there are no other means of fundraising. Unlike VC firms that rely on investment funds, wealthy individuals who operate as angels invest their own money. Because such investments are fairly risky, they typically limit their investments to less than 10% of their portfolios.

Animal Spirits

Animal spirit is a term that explains how people make a financial decision, including securities buying and selling, when economic stress and uncertainty are high. Refers to human emotions that affect consumers' trust. A famous British economist, John Maynard Keynes, created this word.

Annual rate (AER)

AER (Annual Equivalent Rate) is an interest rate for ordinary savings accounts and investment products with multiple compound interest calculations. When calculating AER, it is assumed that the interest paid to the original payment balance is included, and the next interest payment depends on the slightly higher account balance. AER is also called real annual interest rate or apy.

Annual rate (APR)

Annual Percentage Rate (APR) is a loan annual interest rate. It also includes miscellaneous expenses. When a POS blockchain user lends or brings out cipher, the financial reward is called APR. Since interest rates and other fees are taken into account, the staker uses APR to determine the stake destination of the assets held.

Annual yield (apy)

Annual interest rate (apy) refers to the actual rate of income obtained in one year in consideration of compound interest calculations. APY is correctly proportional to compound interest. Depending on the product, there are floating interest rates and fixed interest rates.

In the trading world, "monkey imitating" refers to purchasing a token immediately after the start of the project without a sufficient survey. Traders tend to imitate monkeys in order to miss potential profits. This word was popular in the 2020 "Defi Summer". At that time, several encryption projects were launched, and a handful of traders quickly made money. At that time, a handful of traders quickly made a lot of money.

Expensive bill

The expenditure bill is a law that allows the government to use public funds. Also called expenditure bills and supply bills. In the case of India, it is a law that allows the government to use funds from the Indian Consolidated Fund. Once the bill is passed, the government can use it for the fiscal year expenses. This law is automatically abolished when the legal purpose is achieved.

Ascending triangle < SPAN> Animal spirit is a term that explains how to make a financial decision, including securities, when economically stress and uncertainty. Refers to human emotions that affect consumers' trust. A famous British economist, John Maynard Keynes, created this word.

Annual rate (AER)

AER (Annual Equivalent Rate) is an interest rate for ordinary savings accounts and investment products with multiple compound interest calculations. When calculating AER, it is assumed that the interest paid to the original payment balance is included, and the next interest payment depends on the slightly higher account balance. AER is also called real annual interest rate or apy.

Annual rate (APR)

Annual Percentage Rate (APR) is a loan annual interest rate. It also includes miscellaneous expenses. When a POS blockchain user lends or brings out cipher, the financial reward is called APR. Since interest rates and other fees are taken into account, the staker uses APR to determine the stake destination of the assets held.

Annual yield (apy)

Annual interest rate (apy) refers to the actual rate of income obtained in one year in consideration of compound interest calculations. APY is correctly proportional to compound interest. Depending on the product, there are floating interest rates and fixed interest rates.

In the trading world, "monkey imitating" refers to purchasing a token immediately after the start of the project without a sufficient survey. Traders tend to imitate monkeys in order to miss potential profits. This word was popular in the 2020 "Defi Summer". At that time, several encryption projects were launched, and a handful of traders quickly made money. At that time, a handful of traders quickly made a lot of money.

Expensive bill

The expenditure bill is a law that allows the government to use public funds. Also called expenditure bills and supply bills. In the case of India, it is a law that allows the government to use funds from the Indian Consolidated Fund. Once the bill is passed, the government can use it for the fiscal year expenses. This law is automatically abolished when the legal purpose is achieved.

Ascending triangular animal spirit is a term that explains how people make a financial decision, including securities, when economic stress and uncertainty are high. Refers to human emotions that affect consumers' trust. A famous British economist, John Maynard Keynes, created this word.

Annual rate (AER)

AER (Annual Equivalent Rate) is an interest rate for ordinary savings accounts and investment products with multiple compound interest calculations. When calculating AER, it is assumed that the interest paid to the original payment balance is included, and the next interest payment depends on the slightly higher account balance. AER is also called real annual interest rate or apy.

Annual rate (APR)

Annual Percentage Rate (APR) is a loan annual interest rate. It also includes miscellaneous expenses. When a POS blockchain user lends or brings out cipher, the financial reward is called APR. Since interest rates and other fees are taken into account, the staker uses APR to determine the stake destination of the assets held.

Annual yield (apy)

Annual interest rate (apy) refers to the actual rate of income obtained in one year in consideration of compound interest calculations. APY is correctly proportional to compound interest. Depending on the product, there are floating interest rates and fixed interest rates.

In the trading world, "monkey imitating" refers to purchasing a token immediately after the start of the project without a sufficient survey. Traders tend to imitate monkeys in order to miss potential profits. This word was popular in the 2020 "Defi Summer". At that time, several encryption projects were launched, and a handful of traders quickly made money. At that time, a handful of traders quickly made a lot of money.

Expensive bill

The expenditure bill is a law that allows the government to use public funds. Also called expenditure bills and supply bills. In the case of India, it is a law that allows the government to use funds from the Indian Consolidated Fund. Once the bill is passed, the government can use it for the fiscal year expenses. This law is automatically abolished when the legal purpose is achieved.

Rising triangle

The rise triangle is one of the chart patterns in technical analysis. The triangle, which shows bullish, tends to occur in the middle of the trend and becomes a continuation signal. The rising triangle appears when the price moves as the rise trend line according to the horizontal line and the swing low price forms a triangle. Traders often focus on breakouts from triangular patterns. The price usually breaks out in the direction before the triangle appears.

The microchip used for encryption mining is called a specific integrated circuit (ASIC). ASIC minor is a computerized device that uses this ASIC. Verifying the cryptographic transaction block on the blockchain requires such a device with high calculation capabilities. ASIC is quite expensive and consumes a lot of energy.

Assets refer to resources with economic value. Assets are usually owned or managed by individuals, companies, and countries that are trying to gain. All assets are managed by balance sheet.

Asset allocation

Asset allocation is a type of investment strategy. In order to balance risk and return, the portfolio divides the portfolio to select assets according to goals, risk tolerances, and investment schedules. There is no only formula that determines asset allocation suitable for everyone.

Asset class

An investment group that shows similar features and follows the same law is called asset class. Investments belonging to the asset class often make similar moves in the market. Financial advisors usually focus on the normal asset class when supporting investor portfolios. Stock, bonds, current deposits, real estate, currency, commodity, etc. are common asset classes.

Asset coverage ratio

Asset coverage ratio is one of the financial indicators. It shows how much debt can be repaid by selling or liquidating assets. Others can help rentals and investors measure corporate financial payments. The higher the asset coverage and ratio, the more likely it is for companies to cover debt.

Asset securities (ABS) < SPAN> Ascending triangles are one of the chart patterns in technical analysis. The triangle, which shows bullish, tends to occur in the middle of the trend and becomes a continuation signal. The rising triangle appears when the price moves as the rise trend line according to the horizontal line and the swing low price forms a triangle. Traders often focus on breakouts from triangular patterns. The price usually breaks out in the direction before the triangle appears.

The microchip used for encryption mining is called a specific integrated circuit (ASIC). ASIC minor is a computerized device that uses this ASIC. Verifying the cryptographic transaction block on the blockchain requires such a device with high calculation capabilities. ASIC is quite expensive and consumes a lot of energy.

Assets refer to resources with economic value. Assets are usually owned or managed by individuals, companies, and countries that are trying to gain. All assets are managed by balance sheet.

Asset allocation

Asset allocation is a type of investment strategy. In order to balance risk and return, the portfolio divides the portfolio to select assets according to goals, risk tolerances, and investment schedules. There is no only formula that determines asset allocation suitable for everyone.

Asset class

An investment group that shows similar features and follows the same law is called asset class. Investments belonging to the asset class often make similar moves in the market. Financial advisors usually focus on the normal asset class when supporting investor portfolios. Stock, bonds, current deposits, real estate, currency, commodity, etc. are common asset classes.

Asset coverage ratio

Asset coverage ratio is one of the financial indicators. It shows how much debt can be repaid by selling or liquidating assets. Others can help rentals and investors measure corporate financial payments. The higher the asset coverage and ratio, the more likely it is for companies to cover debt.

Asset securities (ABS) rise triangles are one of the chart patterns in technical analysis. The triangle, which shows bullish, tends to occur in the middle of the trend and becomes a continuation signal. The rising triangle appears when the price moves as the rise trend line according to the horizontal line and the swing low price forms a triangle. Traders often focus on breakouts from triangular patterns. The price usually breaks out in the direction before the triangle appears.

The microchip used for encryption mining is called a specific integrated circuit (ASIC). ASIC minor is a computerized device that uses this ASIC. Verifying the cryptographic transaction block on the blockchain requires such a device with high calculation capabilities. ASIC is quite expensive and consumes a lot of energy.

Assets refer to resources with economic value. Assets are usually owned or managed by individuals, companies, and countries that are trying to gain. All assets are managed by balance sheet.

Asset allocation

Asset allocation is a type of investment strategy. In order to balance risk and return, the portfolio divides the portfolio to select assets according to goals, risk tolerances, and investment schedules. There is no only formula that determines asset allocation suitable for everyone.

Asset class

An investment group that shows similar features and follows the same law is called asset class. Investments belonging to the asset class often make similar moves in the market. Financial advisors usually focus on the normal asset class when supporting investor portfolios. Stock, bonds, current deposits, real estate, currency, commodity, etc. are common asset classes.

Asset coverage ratio

Asset coverage ratio is one of the financial indicators. It shows how much debt can be repaid by selling or liquidating assets. Others can help rentals and investors measure corporate financial payments. The higher the asset coverage and ratio, the more likely it is for companies to cover debt.

C

Asset securities (ABS)

Asset securities (ABS) are a type of financial investment that secures the backed asset pool. Usually, assets that generate cash flow from debt, such as loans, leasing, and credit card balance, are collateral. ABS is an excellent alternative to other debt financial products such as corporate bonds and bond funds. This type of securities can take the form of bonds and notebooks, and can earn revenue at fixed interest rates for a certain period of maturity.

Automatic Market Maker (AMM)

Automatic market maker (AMM) is a protocol used in distributed exchanges. Eliminates the need for third parties when trading cryptographic assets. Through automated transactions, these protocols provide fluidity to exchanges. This is realized by replacing the conventional exchange book with a liquidity pool. The fluid pool is supplied in advance, and other users provide the necessary liquidity through the transaction fee.

Banking as a service is also called a BaaS platform. Such platforms provide highe r-level financial transparency when banks open APIs to third parties. The opening is intended to help thir d-party develop new services. BaaS stands for Blockchain as a Service. This is that third party provides clou d-based infrastructure and management for companies.

Back flash accounting

Back flash accounting or back flash cost calculation is one of the accounting methods. This includes assigning costs to the product after production is completed. This method is similar to back calculation, and is used when the company has not set the final price of the manufactured product. Time saves, but the introduction can be complicated and the audit process can be almost impossible.

Backstop is a type of insurance contract. It is to protect the company that occurred due to uneven shares. Investment banks provide backstop as the second funding source in the shortage of the first funds. This includes a commitment that the investment bank buys unevenly shares as needed.

"BAG" is a crypto slang, meaning a large amount of ciphers. It is also understood as a word that refers to the contents of a personal encryption portfolio, although it is low.

Bag holder

From the term "bag", "bag holder" refers to an individual who owns a large amount of specific ciphers. Bag holders usually cling to encryption even if the price drops significantly.

Vai l-in is a type of bad debt disposal. It is for rescue financial institutions just before the bankruptcy. Vai l-in is accompanied by disabling the debt that creditors and deposits must be paid. Unlike a bailout, which the government uses taxes to rescue financial institutions, Vai l-in will expose the creditor to some extent. If bailout is difficult, the government chooses bai l-in.

Tori Commercial Code

The decoy commercial law is a fraudulent sales strategy. In this kind of fraud, customers are invited at a low price. However, it is required to pay a high price at the time of purchase. You can even sell lo w-quality products. Therefore, the low cost is only "food" in front of the "switch" of the product and the product.

The block generation node of the TEZOS blockchain is called a baker. TEZOS verifies the transaction using the Proof of Stake mechanism. Therefore, the baker states the token and gets a chance to create a new block through baking and XTZ token rewards. This protocol can penalty by seized deposits from the dishonest baker. Baker requires some software and hardware expertise to operate a node, but if you wish, you can delegate that right to others.

Bake is a process used by TEZOS blockchain to verify transactions and create blocks. TEZOS verifies the transaction using the Proof of Stake mechanism. Therefore, a baker, a baker, needs to bet on a token and get a chance to generate a new block through baking and XTZ token rewards. Baker can delegate Baking's right to another person.

Balance budget

A balance budget is a budget with the same income and expenditure. This means that there is no deficit or surplus on the budget. After recording one year of income and expenditure, the budget can be regarded as balanced.

Balloon loan

Balloon loans are special loans. Unlike ordinary loans, they are not amortized. In other words, the value of the loan does not continue to decrease over time. Instead, you can pay a small amount every month during the period and pay balloon pay at maturity.

Balloon payment

A large amount of money paid at the maturity of a balloon loan is called a balloon payment. This payment is much larger than all repayments. Such payments are usually performed when the monthly repayment amount is quite low.

International Payment Bank (BiS)

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution. The main objective of the BIS is to promote global monetary and financial stability. The BIS achieves this by coordinating the world's central banks and their monetary policy efforts. For this reason, the BIS is often referred to as the central bank for central banks.

A bank run is when most customers withdraw funds from their bank accounts due to fear of insolvency or bankruptcy. When that happens, banks may not have enough cash on hand to meet the demand for withdrawals. That, in turn, leads to the real possibility of insolvency.

Basis Point

Basis point is a common unit of measurement for interest rates and other percentages. The word basis comes from the spread between two interest rates; that is, the "standard" movement between two percentage points. One basis point is equal to one-hundredth of one percent, or 0. 01%. The abbreviations bp, bps, and bips are often used when referring to basis points.

In the crypto space, the term basket refers to a collection of digital currencies managed as a single asset. A collective approach to holding minimizes the need for individual monitoring by holders. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with crypto index funds.

Batch auction

A batch auction is a type of trading mechanism. In a batch auction, individual orders are grouped together and executed together at the same time. All orders in a batch are settled at the same clearing price. This trading mechanism aids in fair price discovery.

Bear market

This term refers to a market state characterized by a steady decline in prices, usually by more than 20%. Bear markets can accompany economic downturns. Investors can benefit by dollar-cost averaging their investments and buying fundamentally stronger assets. Bear markets can last from months to years.

Bear spread

A bear spread is a bearish options strategy. It is used when investors expect a gradual decline in asset prices. In this strategy, puts or calls are purchased together for the same underlying contract, but with different strike prices. Profits are maximized if the closing price of the underlying falls below the lower strike price.

A bear trap is a form of price manipulation. A group of investors usually pools their resources together to place a large number of sell orders with the aim of pushing the price down. Once they are successful in convincing other participants that a price correction is necessary, the sell orders are initiated and the price crashes. The group then buys back the crypto cheap.

A "bear whale" is a person who holds a large amount of crypto and seeks to profit from pushing down the asset price. The term was coined in 2014 when the market fell after a whale dumped BTC, and is a combination of bear and whale.

Benchmark Index

A collection of securities used to evaluate the results of other assets is known as a benchmark index. Such indexes usually cover a variety of markets and characteristics. There are different standards for large, mid-cap, and small-cap companies. The Nasdaq Composite Index, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, and the S& P 500 are some examples of benchmark indexes.

The bid price is the maximum price that a potential buyer is willing to pay for a security, asset, product, service, or contract. A broker or shareholder chooses one of the existing bid prices (usually the highest price) in the order book, or submits an ask price. The bid is usually lower than the "ask price" (the price at which the seller is willing to sell).

Bid-ask spread

The bid-ask spread is the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept. Since bids represent demand and asks represent supply, the spread is a measure of market liquidity. Bid-ask spreads are usually larger for less popular securities.

Biflation is the simultaneous rise and fall of prices within an economy. It refers to an uneven response to the application of monetary stimulus. In a biflation, the prices of debt assets such as mortgages rise and the prices of commodity-linked assets fall. The term is a kind of misuse, since inflation and deflation usually mean an increase in the prices of all assets, not just some.

Bird-in-hand

The "bird-in-hand" is a theory in the world of finance. According to this theory, investors prefer stock dividends to capital gains. Capital gains investing is the "two birds in one bush" of the famous adage "one bird in the other" - it counters the Modigliani-Miller dividend irrelevance thesis, which says that investors don't care where the returns come from.

Bitcoin (BTC) is said to be the original digital coin. Currently, it is the largest cryptocurrency in market capitalization. Bitcoin, created by Satoshi Nakamoto as a virtual coin used by Satoshi Nakamoto in a small number of people, has been on a long way. It is now a payment and currency system that millions of people use every day. The maximum coin supply is 21 million copies, of which 90%have been mined so far.

Bitcoin advantage

Bitcoin Dominance is one of the oldest and most widely used indicators to measure the main movements of the cipher market. This measures the market capitalization of coins for the entire market. When Bitcoin was the only encryption, its superiority was close to 100%. With the growth of the cipher market, BTC dominance has fallen below 50%and has dropped significantly below the 80%level in the past five years.

Bitcoin ETF

Bitcoin Listing Investment Trust (ETF) is a collection of bitcoi n-related assets trading directly on conventional exchanges. ETFs are used to hold bitcoin directly and give incentives to people who are reluctant to invest in bitcoin in retail. For users, there are no complicated storage problems, making it easier to invest in encryption.

Bitcoin halved

The number of bitcoins given to minor is regularly reduced, expanding demand, and increasing prices. Having refers to this process. Half a reduction is performed after about four years or after 2, 10, 000 blocks are mined. The price is halved for each cycle. Currently, Bitcoin's mining reward is 6. 25 BTC per block.

Bitcoin improvement proposal (BIP)

The standard format of documents that propose changes to Bitcoin is known as a Bitcoin Improvement proposal (BIP). The first BIP was issued in 2011, two years after Bitcoin was created, by programmer AMIR TAAKI. All BIPs are published on GitHub.

Bitcoin Misery Index (BMI)

Bitcoin Misery Index (BMI) is an unofficial tool that helps investors looking for a trading signal. The index is considered to be in the range of 0 to 100, and the value of 27 or less belongs to the "misfortune" stage. If it exceeds 67, it belongs to the "happy" stage. This index is calculated by volatility and the number of wins.

Bitcoiner is a cryptographic slang, who actively engages in bitcoi n-related activities. This includes Bitcoin purchase and HODL. The main differences between Bitcoiner and other cryptocians are larger involvement and commitments than they show.

Bitcoin Talk

BitCointalk is the most popular online forum specializing in bitcoin, cipher, and blockchain technology. The forum was founded in November 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto, the inventor of Bitcoin. Users can start posting to forum threads and subreds simply by creating a profile.

Black hat hacker

Black Hat Hacker is an individual who has invaded computerized networks and systems and is stolen from it. Such hackers can steal data and money. Unlike White Hat Hackers, the aim is to make personal or financial profits.

Black Monday

In the financial world, October 19, 1987 is known as Black Monday. Like Black Choes Day, the 30 kinds of Dow Kogyo shares (DJIA) were also at the center of this sad day. DJIA fell by nearly 22 % in a day, the beginning of the global stock depression. Economists argue that the crash was caused by various geopolitical events. It is said that computer trading with computers accelerated the crash.

Black money

"Black money" means the funds obtained by illegal or underground economic activities. In other words, it is an income that is not in tax records. Such income is usually received in cash. The distribution of black money in the economy often leads to the level of corruption.

Black Swan Event

The Black Swan Event is a negative impactful event that features unpredictable and rare properties. This is a coined word by a former Wall Street Trader Nicholas Taleb, and this event usually has catastrophic consequences. The 2008 global financial crisis is an example.

Black Chud Day

Black Choes Day refers to October 29, 1929. On this day, the stock market had plummeted, and the average of 30 Dow Industrial stocks (DJIA) fell significantly in one day. The fallen rate of DJIA on this day, which remains in the history of the stock market, is 12 %. The Great Depression began on this day. The cause of this recession was due to the large amount of debt used to purchase the stock, the slowdown in economic growth, and the global protectionist policy.

Mixture rates

Mixed interest rate is an interest rate applied to refinancing loans. This interest rate is usually a combination of previous interest rates and new (higher) interest rates. However, the blended rate is usually lower than a completely new loan interest rate.

A block is a collection of transactions completed over a period of time. Blocks are linked together to form a "blockchain". People around the world who have access to high computing power, called miners, verify cryptographic transactions by consensus and add them to blocks. Once added to a block, transactions become very difficult to remove or manipulate.

Block height

The height of a block is a number that indicates the specific position of that block in the blockchain. In other words, the block height of a particular block is determined by the number of blocks that precede it. This indicates how steadily new blocks are being added to the blockchain, despite variations in factors such as mining difficulty.

Block size

The amount of data that a block can hold is called the block size. The maximum amount of data that a block can hold is called the block size limit. This number varies from blockchain to blockchain. The smaller the block size limit, the longer the transaction time. However, larger blocks are less secure. Bitcoin can currently hold up to 1MB of data per block, which is equivalent to about 2, 000 transactions.

Block time

This concept refers to the time it takes for a miner or validator to verify one block of transactions and add a new block to the blockchain. A shorter block time means faster transaction verification and more transactions per second. Block times vary depending on the block size, mining difficulty, and network congestion.

Block trades

A block trade is a large, privately negotiated securities transaction. To hide its size, it is usually split into smaller orders and executed through various brokers. This type of transaction can also take place outside the public market through private purchase and sale agreements.

Blockchain

Blockchain is at the core of crypto and Web 3. 0 projects. Essentially, a blockchain is a distributed ledger for recording information digitally. It is a chain-like database made up of "blocks" of data stored on a network of thousands of computers. This is where the name blockchain comes from, and what makes it decentralized and unique.

Blockchain bridges

A blockchain bridge is a protocol that allows the exchange of assets and information between blockchains, a feature known as interoperability. It acts like a physical bridge between blockchains. Interoperability is crucial for the growth of decentralized finance and the blockchain ecosystem.

Blockchain Snapshot

Recording the state of the blockchain at a particular block height is called taking a snapshot of the blockchain. A snapshot provides an overview of the quantities and balances of token holders at any given time. A snapshot captures the entire blockchain ledger, including all existing addresses. This is frequently used to determine airdrop distribution.

Bloomberg Aggregate Bond Index

The Bloomberg Aggregate Bond Index or "Agg" is a broad-based bond index. It is used by bond traders and mutual fund and ETF managers as a benchmark in measuring relative performance. In other words, the Agg is essentially intended to track the performance of the American investment-grade government and corporate bond market. Prior to August 2021, it was known as Barclays Agg. It was then taken over by Bloomberg.

Blue Sheet

The Blue Sheet is a confidential budget document in blue color that contains important figures and details about the budget. It serves as the blueprint for the budget and is the backbone of the entire budget process. The Blue Sheet is hidden even from the Minister of Finance. Only the Under Secretary for Budget has access to it.

Boom and bust cycles

Boom and bust cycles refer to alternating periods of economic growth and decline. They are typical of modern capitalist economies. They are sometimes used synonymously with business cycles. Boom and bust cycles, first predicted by Karl Marx in the 19th century, are driven by market and economic fundamentals as well as investor and consumer sentiment and can last from months to years.

Brand equity

Brand equity is the value premium that a company creates from a product name that has a high level of recognition, as opposed to a generic product name. Companies create this value premium by making their products memorable, recognizable, and better. Marketing also contributes to the creation of brand equity to some extent. Sales volumes and profits tend to be higher for brands with higher equity, so companies compete for superior brand equity.

Break-even price

Break-even price refers to the price at which a manufacturer needs assets to cover their initial investments and costs. As a marketing strategy, break-even pricing helps increase market share. However, it may also raise unfounded consumer concerns about the quality of the product. In the context of options contracts, the break-even price is the price of the underlying asset at which the investor can exercise or dispose of the contract without incurring a loss.

Breakout refers to the price exceeding the resistance line or below the support line. Breakout is a subjective phenomenon to some extent because all traders do not recognize or use the same support lines and resistance lines. Breakout indicates the possibility of trading opportunities. Breakout indicates that the price may start trending in the breakout direction. A larg e-volume breakout suggests the spread of confidence.

Budget estimate

A budget estimate refers to the breakdown of the funds that the Minister of Finance will allocate when the federal budget is announced. The word "estimate" states the fact that it does not reflect the government's final commitment. Instead, the government represents a specific challenge, the maximum amount of money used for ministries and departments.

Buidl, like "HODL", is a spell mistake of intentional words. In this case, the spel l-missed word is "Build". Simply put, Buidling means "building something useful." Crypto enthusiasts believe that Hodling alone is not enough if you really believe in cipher and blockchain technology. Thus, this word is used to build and contribute a blockchain and encryption ecosystem.

Bull Market

The market is said to be bullish when the price is rising and is expected to rise in the future. A bulleting phase can last for several months to several years. It is difficult to predict the start, and you may be able to know the start only afterwards. The bullish market promotes buying, and investors can benefit by adopting the "b y-an d-hold" or Hodling strategy.

Bull spread

Bull Spread is an optimistic option strategy. With this strategy, investors can benefit by increasing the price of assets and securities moderately. In Bear Spreads, investors simultaneously purchase calls or put options for the same original assets and their maturity dates. In order for Bull Spread to make the most of the profit, it is necessary to reach a closing price at a higher original asset exercise price.

The bull trap occurs when the righ t-handed raw assets flipped temporarily and then resumed the descent trend. This is also called the "whipsaw pattern". Investors who are misleading in a bullish signal may take a long position and regret later. Therefore, this name was given.

Economic cycle

A business cycle is a type of fluctuation in the economic activity of a country. It is a cycle of parallel expansions in economic activity followed by similar contractions (recessions). Fluctuations do not repeat periodically.

Butterfly spread

The butterfly spread is an options strategy. It is a market-neutral strategy that combines both bull and bear spreads, with fixed risk and profit and loss limits. The butterfly spread has the highest payoff if the underlying asset does not move before the option expires. It uses three different strike prices and four options.

A buy wall is when you place a fairly large limit order to buy an asset at a certain price. Such a sell order acts as a hedge against the asset's price. Therefore, like sell orders, this order can sometimes be used to manipulate the market.

Buying the dip

Buying the dip, sometimes abbreviated as BTD, is an investment strategy. It involves buying an asset when its price is falling. In other words, it is about going long on the asset. Buying the dip can be especially profitable during a prolonged uptrend.

Call Options

Call options are essentially financial contracts. A call option gives the buyer the right to buy an asset they like at a certain price in the future. The buyer is under no obligation to buy.

Candlestick Chart

A candlestick chart is a type of price chart used in technical analysis. Traders use it to determine future price movements based on past patterns. It summarizes important information for traders, such as the opening, low, high, and closing prices within a certain period of time. Candlestick charts visually represent trader sentiment by using different colors to represent the magnitude of price movements.

Cantillon Effect

The Cantillon effect is used to explain the uneven impact of inflation on assets and goods within an economy. It refers to the idea that when the money supply changes, the relative prices of assets and goods fluctuate. Wages and purchasing power are also affected. Named after economist Richard Cantillon, the term is related to the concept of biflation.

Capital is any money or assets owned by a company or individual that can be used to invest or start a business. In other words, it is wealth that can be used to make more money. In a business context, it can also refer to the funds that support daily operations and future growth.

Capital efficiency

Capital efficiency is the ratio of comparing corporate expenditures to profits. The higher this ratio, the more efficient and profitable companies.

Capital procurement

Capital procurement is the funds that companies receive to operate their businesses. Provided in the form of debt or capital. Companies can raise such funds by issuing stocks, liabilities and tokens.

Capital gain tax

Capital gain tax is a tax for gain on the sale of capital assets. There are two types: shor t-term capital gain tax and lon g-term capital gain tax. Lon g-term capital gain tax applies when you own an investment after owning 12 months or more. Lon g-term capital gain tax, on the other hand, is applied to the gain on the sale of investment assets less than 12 months. In the case of debt assets, the holding period must be less than three years.

Capital

Other than finance, the word capitulation refers to the process of abandoning power. In the world of modern finance, this word is related, but has a more specific meaning. Capitulation is to sell assets and cryptocurrency with a large loss. This is usually done because investors have lost their hopes for their prices. In other words, it is about abandoning ownership in the face of volatility.

Carding is a type of credit card fraud. In carding, stolen credit cards and card information are used to charge prepaid cards and purchases of gift cards. Scammers buy a gift card for the store brand, sell it to others, or use it to buy products that can be sold in cash. The thieves involved in the carding are called "carders".

Carry interview

Celed interview is an incentive reward given to the general partner of the fund. Before the profits obtained from private equity, venture capital and hedge funds. This amount is paid to the general partner only when the fund has achieved the specified minimum return.

Cascade liquidation

Cascade liquidation means that the liquidation accumulates and the price changes suddenly. Such liquidations usually occur in the overheated or overheated market. It can produce huge profits and lead to huge losses.

Cash is the most liquid money form. In a limited sense, cash refers to physical coins and banknotes that are usually used in everyday life. However, in some contexts, it may include a marke t-like securities such as bank accounts and government bonds.

Cache flow is the net amount of cash and cash equivalent in an account. All cash received will be inflow, and all expenditures will be leaked. In other words, cash flow represents money. Cash flows can be analyzed by dead service coverage ratio, amlebard cash flow, and free cash flow. The cash flow is represented by the cash flow statement.

Cash flow statement

The cash flow statement represents a cash flow as a result of corporate businesses and external investments. The cash flow statement consists of three sections. The first section is a cash flow due to sales activities, the second section is a cash flow caused by investment profit and loss, and the last section is an outline of the cash used from debt and capital.

Cash value life insurance

Cash value life insurance is a kind of lifetime insurance. This insurance has a cash value and can be used for all purposes, from loans and cash procurement to payment of insurance premiums. It is more expensive than the term insurance, but has the advantage that it will not expire after a certain period.

Cash and carry arbitrage

The actual ruling transaction is a neutral investment strategy. This strategy is to make a profit without risk due to inefficient price setting in the actual (or spot) market and futures markets. This is performed by combining the purchase of a long position of the asset and the sale of a futures contract with the same asset.

The mechanism of Ethereum, which upgrades blocks to the "confirmed" status, is known as Casper. This is a protocol that combines proof of work and proof of stake. The proof of stake is a new consensus mechanism called "Casper The Friendly Finality Gadget" (FFG). Thus, Casper allows newcomers to the network to synchronize with the regular chain.

CBDC digitizes a country's unhappy banknotes. The CBDC is pegged with the currency value of the country. It is considered a legal currency, and CBDC can be freely exchanged for products and services. It may be used to expand services to those without bank accounts, promote transactions across borders, reduce environmental destruction, and improve transparency.

Cedefi is an abbreviation of Centralized DecentRalized Finance. It is a form of modern finance that combines traditional centralized financial services and distributed applications. With Cedefi, companies can explore the latest financial products while maintaining their conventional financial regulations. On the other hand, traders can use Cedefi to search and select the best opportunities by using the depth of fluidity, the transaction fee, the low withdrawal fee, the high possibility of the asset use. 。

Centralization

Centralization in the tissue structure is that a single node or a small number of nodes control the entire network. In other words, there is a clear command system. This is an example of to p-down companies that are controlled by one CEO and a small number of senior managers. Another example is a remittance app that completely controls all transaction processing.

Deposit certificate (CD)

A deposit certificate (CD) is a type of financial product issued by banks and other financial institutions. In CDs, customers who make a large amount of deposits can obtain a percentag e-based interest rate premium. Of course, deposits are sometimes used by financial institutions. The conditions related to CDs vary depending on the financial institution.

Seth is a kind of tax. In India, it is imposed in addition to other existing taxes. The government usually imposes Seth for a specific purpose. The Indian Consultation Fund (CFI) has tax revenues such as income tax, and the government can use it for any purpose. However, Seth's funds are used only for specific purposes after the correct budget of the Diet.

Chain reorganization

Chain reorganization is a process in blockchain technology, and the node operator can replace the block and adopt a new block. This includes that nodes are inhabitating the oldest chain blocks and adds the latest block, which is the components of the new longest chain. The purpose is usually to create a new chain with longer data. This phenomenon usually occurs in a blockchain with a large transaction.

Chain split

The chain split is another term that represents a cryptocurrency fork. Basically, the original cryptocurrency branches into two or more independent projects. When the token code base is copied by an old cryptocurrency, it is deemed to have divided. Further development of new ciphers is independent of parent coins.

The common usage of the word change, as you know, means money returned after paying less than what was given. The term is also a concept related to cryptocurrencies that use the unspent transaction output (UTXO) model. UTXO means the number of coins returned to a user after initiating a transaction using unspent output.

Changing Address

In the crypto world, a changing address is where the change from a transaction is temporarily stored. At a later date, the change is returned to the wallet from which it was sent. Changing addresses are what allow for fair exchanges between wallets. All users can see their changing address and how much of the funds sent to them went through that changing address.

Chapter 11 Bankruptcy

Chapter 11, also known as a reorganized bankruptcy, is a reorganization of a debtor's business, liabilities, and assets in order for the debtor to continue operating. It is a way of restructuring a debtor's debts. To file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, the reorganization plan must be in the best interest of creditors. A business cannot make some decisions, such as selling significant assets, without the court's permission.

Chargeback

A chargeback is essentially a way to protect consumer rights. Simply put, it is returning money to someone who paid it. Repayment is typically done through credit or debit cards. It is usually initiated by the consumer after a fraudulent or mischarged charge.

ChatGPT is a conversational artificial intelligence (AI) model. That is, a chatbot like the ones businesses use on their customer service websites. The chatbot was released in November 2022 by AI research company OpenAI. ChatGPT has been taking the internet by storm since its announcement. The "GPT" in ChatGPT stands for "Generative Pre-training Transformer". This represents how ChatGPT processes language.

A chunk refers to a portion of a block that is generated by the sharding of the NEAR protocol. A group of validators is responsible for managing each chunk. They provide the storage and computational resources required to process transactions related to that chunk.

The algorithm used for information encryption and decryption is known as encryption. Cryptography is a basic concept in cryptography (research and practice of technology to protect communication). Cryptography helps a third party to exchange information secretly without being infringed by privacy. This is performed by converting a flat sentence (the original message from the sender) into a code (a safe coded text).

Cipher sentence

Cryptography is the result of encryption. When a plain sentence (the original message from the sender) is encrypted by the algorithm, the result becomes an encryption. This encryption is safe even if you send it to the recipient, and the recipient can decipher later. In this way, ciphers play an important role in ensuring communication safety through encryption technology.

Distribution supply

The distribution volume is the estimation of the total number of coins distributed in the market. The number of coins continues to fluctuate because the mining and incineration of coins are continuously performed. Circulation supply does not include coins stored in Escro, so it is different from the total supply.

A client refers to software that can access and process blockchain trading on a computer. In the context of the cipher, the software client helps users to connect the blockchain network and interact. Crypto wallets also use this kind of software.

Close refers to the closing price of assets. Useful for tracking asset performance. The closing price is one of the four major data points used in stocks, encryption, and other market day trades. The other three are the opening, high, and low. These four are called "OHLC".

Cloud mining

Borrowing computing power online and mining encryption is called cloud mining. Miners who use the cloud do not need to install or purchase personal hardware. All you have to do is join a cloud mining company. Such companies enable users to verify transactions remotely. The cloud makes mining more familiar and reduces lon g-term maintenance costs.

A joint guarantor is an entity or individual that can partially manage and access the cryptocurrency wallet. The type of wallet involved in facilitating the operation of the joint signature is known as a mult i-sig wallet. C o-signing people need to own a unique key set to access wallet funds or trade with wallet funds.

In the context of the blockchain, the term "coin" refers to cryptocurrency. Some say that only cryptocurrencies supported by their own blockchain are called coins. For example, bitcoin. Cryptocurrencies without their own blockchain are called tokens.

Coin mixer

Coin mixer is a software company that claims commissions so that two parties can trade with each other while maintaining anonymity. Mixing the transmitted ciphers from different addresses and redistributing them before passing them to the recipient makes it impossible to track transactions. The service helps investors, but may promote illegal activities.

Cold wallet

Cold wallet is used to store cipher. It is called cold because it is not connected to the Internet. This type of wallet is very difficult to hack, so it is ideal for storing encryption assets. Investors who have a large number of cryptocien assets and investors who need special security are useful for cold wallets. There are various types of wallets, such as paper and hardware.

D

Collateral cap

The upper limit is a security function that specifies the maximum validity of the market for the token. This is a setting to measure and limit the "borrowing" of each asset to distribute the risk of loan of the entire protocol. If the market maximum is 1 million, only the number of tokens function as collateral for borrowing.

Collateral coefficient

The collateral factor is the largest borrowed amount based on the assets provided by the user. This is represented by percentage. LTV (deb t-ratio) is a traditional financial institution collaboration coefficient in addition to the Defi lending and borrowing protocol. Usually, more liquid assets and assets with less fluctuations have higher collateral coefficients (although there are fluctuations).

Collateral token

In the cipher space, collateral tokens function as ris k-reduced assets when renting other types of encryption tokens. The collateral token that the borrower needs to be deposited is determined by the loan platform. Some of these tokens are specially designed to function as collateral tokens.

Collateral (Stable Coin)

A collateral stable coin is a coin that is backed by valuable assets held as a preparation. For example, it is said that each of the stable coins pegs on the US dollar is secured by the US dollar somewhere in the reserve. Stable coins may or may not be guaranteed by Fiat or other cryptocurrencies due to their functions.

Debt securities

The debt securities (CDO) is a mixture of loans and assets provided to investment companies with many capital. CDO is usually a combination of various small loans. Small loans include everything, from mortgages to student loans. It is rather useful for banks, but one of the more risky investment opportunities.

Debt collateral position (CDP)

CDP (Collateralized Debt Position) is a position assumed by locking collateral with a smart contract and creating a stable coin. It is a system created by Makerdao. DAO's stable coin DAI is made through CDP. The locked collateral must always be worth at least 150 % more than the generated DAI. If this condition is not satisfied, the assets locked by the smart contract will be sold.

Collateral Morgeage Debt (CMO)

CMO (COLLATERALIZED Mortgage Obligation) is a bundle of many mortgages and sold to investors. It is one of the mortgage securities used by banks to increase liquidity. The buyer has a great risk, but provides a lot of collateral.

Command economy

The command economy is an economy where the central government has set the production level and tolerance prices of products and services. Usually, it goes well with the communist political system and is the opposite of the free market economy. People who support this type of economy argue that only the government can guarantee fair distribution.

Commercial loan

Commercial loans are funding for shor t-term debt. This loan involves a company and financial institutions such as banks. In order to apply for a commercial loan, companies often need to provide collateral. The financial statements are also a general application requirement.

Commercial real estate securities (CMBS)

Commercial real estate securities (CMBS) are a type of bond investment product. As the name implies, the mortgage set in commercial real estate is supported. Issued as a bond. The primary loans are usually included in the trust and function as collateral when repayment is delayed.

Commercial paper

Commercial paper is an unsecured shor t-term debt certificate issued by a company. In many cases, it is used for financing shor t-term debt. Comatic paper is generally issued at a discounted price. Fixed interest rates that fluctuate depending on the market are paid by the face value.

Coming ring

In securities investment, concinging rings refers to pools pools of multiple different investors to one fund. Similarly, in investment management, the assets of different investors are compiled into one fund or investment vehicle. And the commitment fund is partially owned by each investor. Communication rings are used to operate funds for institutional investors because they can reduce transaction costs and increase their funding pools to access a wide range of investments.

Ordinary stock

Ordinary stocks are securities that represent corporate ownership. The owner of this type of shares has voted rights, including the election of the Board of Directors. The ownership of this form tends to have a high award rate in the long term. However, in the case of a liquidation, the rights of ordinary shareholders will be taken over after corporate creditors and priority shareholders.

Composable Defi

Composable Defi refers to interaction between different Defi protocols and connects the entire Defi ecosystem. Composability is a function built into a smart contract, which can support new uses by combining different systems components. Composability of smart contracts enables this title to the entire Defi space.

Composable token

The composable token is an ERC-998 token and a standard extension of non-adolted tokens. The token is known as "composable" when users can "synthesize or" organize "and trade them with a single ownership. In other words, such a token allows no n-soluble tokens to own other no n-soluble tokens and soluble tokens. In other words, the token can represent multiple digital assets.

Concentration of liquidity

A fluid provider (LP) can select a range according to the price curve and provide fluidity. The ability of this LP is called concentration. By focusing on liquidity, you can maximize profits while reducing the risk of asset evaluation. Intensive liquidity is different from the standard LP from the standard automatic market maker.

confirmation

In the cipher, confirmation is an indicator of how many blocks have passed since the transaction was added to the blockchain. The higher the number of confirmation, the higher the safety of transactions. Each merchant and exchange need to determine the number of confirmation of each coin. However, in large transactions, the parties may want to wait for more blocks.

In the context of the cipher, a consensus is a condition that must be satisfied to determine something on the blockchain network. In order to obtain consensus, all network participants must agree on blockchain blocks and content. In such a distributed network, participants usually reach the consensus using the consensus mechanism.

Consensus mechanism

Who verifies the next trading blocks must be continuously determined by the most invested user in the blockchain. The consensus mechanism is basically an algorithm that helps users to consensus and agreements. The most common consensus mechanism is the proof of work (POW), but there are other options such as proof of stake (POS) and proof of history.

India Consolidated Fund (CFI)

Government income and expenditure are compiled and preserved in the Indian Consolidated Fund (CFI). Except for some items, this fund covers most government spending. The withdrawal of the CFI requires approval of the Diet.

Integration

Considation is the period when assets are traded between two levels, while the next movement of the market remains uncertain. In this phase, the shares, encryption, or securities do not continue to have a large price trend or reversal. In order to determine a solid asset, it is necessary to find assets with stable support lines and resistance lines, trading in a narrow range, and low in transactions.

Consortium blockchain

The consortium blockchain is thought to be located between the public blockchain and the private blockchain. The Consortium Blockchain is a private and operated blockchain that share information that the consortium is generally difficult to disclose. The Consortium can enjoy the value provided by the distributed ledger and the exchange of information, but it is neither public nor permissionless. Corporate groups use this blockchain.

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a type of index. It is an index that tracks the price of a product and service basket. The purpose is to gain insights on market segments. The CPI is a benchmark for measuring economic trends, especially the effects of inflation and deflation.

Contract account

When the parties sign a contract, another account called the contract account is opened for the contract. This is to summarize all the costs for certain contracts. In the cryptographic world, the contract account is a type of account with a cryptographic balance and related code. The execution of the code is triggered by transactions received from other contracts.

Deference payment transaction (CFD)

Deference payment (CFD) is a type of financial product. It helps sellers protect themselves from price fluctuations. This is realized by specifying that the buyer is obliged to pay the price difference caused by the transfer of assets. This applies even if the transaction is delayed due to administrative procedures and the actual sale is several months later.

coordinator

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The coordinator is a type of client used in some blockchain. It is a special client that supports a node creation of a milestone to verify the copy of the ledger in light of a specific transaction. These milestones are basically transactions recorded on the blockchain. Thus, the coordinator works as a tracking and checking system of such node.

Core wallet

A core wallet is not a part of the blockchain, but a wallet that can contain the entire blockchain. This allows users to receive, store, and send digital money together with the program or with the program. This application is for those who are interested in the technical aspects of blockchain networks and are eager to support the community.

Civil Charter

The corporate articles of incorporation are basically documents submitted to Secretary of State or registered. This is to establish a company as a company. If approved by the state, the company will be a legal corporation. The company articles of incorporation usually specify the main components of the company.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR)

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a sel f-regulated business model. The company aims to fulfill its accountability for stakeholders, customers, the general public, and even the company itself. CSR encourages companies to be aware of all aspects of society, such as economy, society, and the environment. Efforts, which began from the CSR perspective, also enhance brand image and increase employee morale.

Corporate tax

Corporate tax is a direct tax paid by companies and corporations to its profit. Corporate taxes are calculated by subtracting all expenses from revenue. The deducted cost includes sales costs, salaries, wages, interest payments, depreciation, etc.

Corporate Treasure

Corporate Treasure is basically a financial risk manager. We manage the funding of the company. Try to protect its value from the risk of business. While managing the funds on hand, we will strive to make fluid and risks in line with corporate goals.

Co., Ltd.

F

The etymology of Corporation is "Corpus", which means "body" in Latin. When used in a financial sense, the law refers to treating a corporation as an individual. As with individuals, corporations can own property, bear debt, and be sued or sued. It is usually abbreviated as "Corp." like Microsoft.

correction

Adjustment is a reduction in asset prices. Price adjustment is usually done to deal with overestimation. There is no strict rule in its definition, but the correction is usually a decline of 10 % or more. The term correction indicates the return of the price after abnormally soaring.

Costful profit analysis

Cost profit analysis refers to the process of analyzing which decisio n-making and what decisions will be formed. Considering costs and benefits, business analysts using this method can make an advantage or useful decision in the long term. Analysis can also include intangible profits and costs, for example, the morale of employees.

Credit rating

Credit rating is a measure of determining whether financial institutions lend money to individuals and companies. It is considered a method to predict how much the ability to repay debt. The rating varies depending on the applicant's country and loan organization.

Credit risk

Credit risk indicates the possibility of loss caused by the borrower does not repay the loan. Credit risks are internal calculations performed by rental agencies such as banks before trusting. Credit risks are calculated based on capital, repayment ability, lending conditions, credit history, collateral, etc.

Cross margin

Cross margins are also called spread margins and are a kind of margin trading method. Traders can build multiple positions as a common collateral pool with account balance. In cross margins, users do not need to add or delete margin for each position, making it easier to manage collateral. Profit or losses realized in other positions will help you add margin in the loss position.

Cross border transaction < Span> Corporate Treasure

Corporate Treasure is basically a financial risk manager. We manage the funding of the company. Try to protect its value from the risk of business. While managing the funds on hand, we will strive to make fluid and risks in line with corporate goals.

Co., Ltd.

The etymology of Corporation is "Corpus", which means "body" in Latin. When used in a financial sense, the law refers to treating a corporation as an individual. As with individuals, corporations can own property, bear debt, and be sued or sued. It is usually abbreviated as "Corp." like Microsoft.

correction

Adjustment is a reduction in asset prices. Price adjustment is usually performed to deal with overestimation. There is no strict rule in its definition, but the correction is usually a decline of 10 % or more. The term correction indicates the return of the price after abnormally soaring.

Costful profit analysis

Cost profit analysis refers to the process of analyzing which decisio n-making and what decisions will be formed. Considering costs and benefits, business analysts using this method can make an advantage or useful decision in the long term. Analysis can also include intangible profits and costs, for example, the morale of employees.

Credit rating

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Credit rating is a measure of determining whether financial institutions lend money to individuals and companies. It is considered a method to predict how much the ability to repay debt. The rating varies depending on the applicant's country and loan organization.

Credit risk

Credit risk indicates the possibility of loss caused by the borrower does not repay the loan. Credit risks are internal calculations performed by rental agencies such as banks before trusting. Credit risks are calculated based on capital, repayment ability, lending conditions, credit history, collateral, etc.

Cross margin

Cross margins are also called spread margins and are a kind of margin trading method. Traders can build multiple positions as a common collateral pool with account balance. In cross margins, users do not need to add or delete margin for each position, making it easier to manage collateral. Profit or losses realized in other positions will help you add margin in the loss position.

Cross border trading Corporate Treasure

Corporate Treasure is basically a financial risk manager. We manage the funding of the company. Try to protect its value from the risk of business. While managing the funds on hand, we will strive to make fluid and risks in line with corporate goals.

Co., Ltd.

The etymology of Corporation is "Corpus", which means "body" in Latin. When used in a financial sense, the law refers to treating a corporation as an individual. As with individuals, corporations can own property, bear debt, and be sued or sued. It is usually abbreviated as "Corp." like Microsoft.

correction

Adjustment is a reduction in asset prices. Price adjustment is usually performed to deal with overestimation. There is no strict rule in its definition, but the correction is usually a decline of 10 % or more. The term correction indicates the return of the price after abnormally soaring.

Costful profit analysis

Cost profit analysis refers to the process of analyzing which decisio n-making and what decisions will be formed. Considering costs and benefits, business analysts using this method can make an advantage or useful decision in the long term. Analysis can also include intangible profits and costs, for example, the morale of employees.

Credit rating

Credit rating is a measure of determining whether financial institutions lend money to individuals and companies. It is considered a method to predict how much the ability to repay debt. The rating varies depending on the applicant's country and loan organization.

H

Credit risk

Credit risk indicates the possibility of loss caused by the borrower does not repay the loan. Credit risks are internal calculations performed by rental agencies such as banks before trusting. Credit risks are calculated based on capital, repayment ability, lending conditions, credit history, collateral, etc.

Cross margin

Cross margins are also called spread margins and are a kind of margin trading method. Traders can build multiple positions as a common collateral pool with account balance. In cross margins, users do not need to add or delete margin for each position, making it easier to manage collateral. Profit or losses realized in other positions will help you add margin in the loss position.

Cross border trading

Cross border transactions are global transactions across the international market. In this kind of transaction, local currency is usually used and transactions are often made with local trading partners. This transaction has several advantages. One example is to use the mismatch of the price and get the opportunity to make a decision.

Cross chain contractor call

The cros s-chain contract call is a derivative smart contract that allows information, encryption or NFTs to move freely between blockchain. This information is usually limited to one network. In other words, the cros s-chain contract call enables blockchain interaction.

Crowdfunding

Crowdfunding is to collect funds from many people to provide funds to projects and businesses. This type of funding usually involves the use of various platforms. It is a financial service that makes full use of technology.

A cloud loan refers to raising new project funds by betting dot tokens and KSM tokens on the Polkadot and Kusama network. In other words, cloud loans basically give incentives to the development of paracane on these networks. The success of funding is replaced by an uncertain ICO model.

Cipher burning

Crypto burning is that the tokens are no longer distributed and the supply is reduced. The token is basically impossible to collect. This is done by sending a token to a dead wallet with an unknown private key. Stable coins are regularly incinerated to maintain pegs. Other coins are incinerated to reduce the supply, raise prices, or transfer value to individual owners from stakepled pools.

Crypto dust

Cryptodust is a small amount of coins that must be used without being used because it is too small to perform another transaction after transaction. It is impossible to handle the crypto dust transaction. For example, 0. 00000012 BTC remains after selling all coins.

I

Cryptographic exchange

The platform used for buying and selling cryptocurrencies is called an encryption exchange. Users can exchange cryptocurrencies with unpleasant banknotes, or exchange certain digital assets with different digital assets. On exchanges, you can purchase cryptocurrency trading, margin trading, and spot markets in the spot market. Most exchanges have hot wallets and can store their cryptocurrency.

Cipher wallet

Crypto wallets store addresses, keys, or passwords that can be used to extract assets on the blockchain. It can also be used for sending and receiving cryptopay, storing NFT, and participating in smart contracts. There are types such as cold wallets, paper wallets, hardware wallets, etc. There are various types, such as cold wallets, paper wallets, and hardware wallets, depending on the advantages of how to use, security levels, and ease of access.

Cryptography Winter

Crypto Winter is a term that captures the status of the market where the cryptographic price is not expected to recover for more than a year and falls stably. Generally, it is caused by rapid selling pressure. If the cryptographic winter continues, the "ice age" of the cipher may come, and the price is sluggish for many years, and lon g-term investors lose interest.

Cryptocurrency

Blockchai n-based digital assets are called "cryptocurrencies." Crypto has no physical shape. The transaction record is stored in the ledger of the blockchain and anyone can access it. As a result, it is relatively difficult to falsify and eliminates authentication by a third party. It is more expensive than conventional bank transactions. Typical coins include Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Teser.

Cryptocurrency pair

The cryptocurrency pair is a token pair used by exchanges to make it easier for tokens to make it easier. This is basically to help users compare the price of these tokens. In order to exchange a token with another token, the trader searches for an exchange for pairs.

Cryptographic technology

Cryptography is research and practice of technology to protect communication and information. The practice applied in the cryptocurrency world includes the use of a protocol that interferes with unnecessary access to information. These techniques allow encrypted trading to maintain safety anonymous and reliable.

Crypto jacking

Crypto jacking is to take over someone's calculation resources to mining cryptocurrencies. Crypto jackers usually take one of the two common routes. The first "Troy Wood Horse Attack" begins by installing a link or attachment program on a computer without the owner's perception or consent. In the "Drive by Crypto Jacking", a malicious JavaScript code is executed from the web page that the hacker owned or infringed.

Currency crisis

A currency crisis is a financial emergency in which a country's fiat currency loses value. A currency crisis is usually caused by concerns about whether the country's central bank holds sufficient foreign exchange reserves to ensure the stability of the currency. As a result, investors become cautious about holding and investing in the country's assets.

Current Account Deficit

A current account deficit is a measure of a country's trade. It is the amount by which imports exceed exports per year. This type of deficit suggests that a country is spending beyond its means, but it is not necessarily unfavorable. For example, developed countries tend to run deficits.

J

In the crypto context, Curve refers to a software program that operates a stablecoin-focused automated market maker (AMM) service using multiple cryptos. The Curve platform provides a highly efficient way to exchange tokens while maintaining low fees and slippage. It does this by restricting you to a liquidity pool made up of similarly behaving assets.

Custodial Wallet

A custodial wallet is a wallet in which the service provider stores your private keys. Thus, the provider is solely responsible for the safekeeping of user funds. Such wallets are mostly web-based and are usually provided by centralized exchanges.

K

Customs Duties

Customs duties are levied on goods exported or imported into a country. It is an indirect tax. The final consumer of the goods must bear this type of tax. In India, customs duties are levied under the Customs Act, 1962.

Cut Motion

In India, a cut motion is a special power given to the members of the Privy Council. When the budget is compiled, requests are made to each ministry, but if the parliament feels that the government is spending more than necessary, any member of parliament can file a cut motion. A cut motion is effectively an opposition to any change in spending. It is a kind of vote of no confidence.

Cyclic Stocks

Cyclic stocks are stocks whose prices fluctuate due to systemic or macroeconomic changes in the overall economy. Such stocks tend to follow the economic cycle of expansion, recession, and recovery. Many of these stocks are related to companies that sell consumer discretionary products, which increase the willingness of people to buy when the economy is doing well, but decrease during recessions. Starbucks is an example of this type of stock.

L

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) are online collectives created and run by rules encoded as computer programs. DAOs are governed by their members, so no unauthorized individual or group can take the lead. Proposals are submitted to the group and resolutions are put to a vote. DAOs are built on trust in immutable code, not individuals.