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Map of the 17th century Nova Isspannia by Jean Brau.

The history of ball games in Mesoerica (now Mexico, Guatemala, Belies, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and some of the Costa Rica) dates back to dating thousands of years ago. Such a play was the foundation of political, social, and ritual life in the community and empire that flourished in this area. In fact, an anthropologist Paul Kirchhov, who created the word "Mesa America", includes a ball game on a list of features that define the cultural tradition of Mesa America.

How to play ball games

The ball games of Mesa America were unique in promoting the ball using the waist. In contrast, Japanese Kemari and Chinese ball games were played with their feet, and ancient Greece and Rome ball games mainly rely on their hands. Meso America's ball was sturdy and was made from abundant rubber in the area, so it had the advantage of bounce.

Ball coat

The main features of the ball coat in Mesoerica are the central alley with a length of 80 meters and the hills on both sides.

ring

Although it was not on the early ball coat, the addition of the hig h-sided ring of the platform where the ball had to pass was added, making the player's work more difficult.

ball

The ball is made of rubber, it is 13 to 30 cm in diameter and 0. 5 to 7 kg.

player

A 16t h-century Spanish material has shown that kings and aristocrats had held their team. By playing games, political conflicts and other conflicts could be solved without appealing to all wars.

Game play

The game ended when the ball into the hoop, and the players who achieved this great skill were blessed and received valuable gifts such as delicate weaving cloaks and valuable feathers. However, it is clear from the Spanish descriptions of the Azteca game that this was very rare. Usually, the game is almost unknown and is determined according to another standard.

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Map of the 17th century Nova Isspannia by Jean Brau.

The history of ball games in Mesoerica (now Mexico, Guatemala, Belies, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and some of the Costa Rica) dates back to dating thousands of years ago. Such a play was the foundation of political, social, and ritual life in the community and empire that flourished in this area. In fact, an anthropologist Paul Kirchhov, who created the word "Mesa America", includes a ball game on a list of features that define the cultural tradition of Mesa America.

How to play ball games

The ball games of Mesa America were unique in promoting the ball using the waist. In contrast, Japanese Kemari and Chinese ball games were played with their feet, and ancient Greece and Rome ball games mainly rely on their hands. Meso America's ball was sturdy and was made from abundant rubber in the area, so it had the advantage of bounce.

Ball coat

The main features of the ball coat in Mesoerica are the central alley with a length of 80 meters and the hills on both sides.

ring

Although it was not on the early ball coat, the addition of the hig h-sided ring of the platform where the ball had to pass was added, making the player's work more difficult.

ball

The ball is made of rubber, it is 13 to 30 cm in diameter and 0. 5 to 7 kg.

player

A 16t h-century Spanish material has shown that kings and aristocrats had held their team. By playing games, political conflicts and other conflicts could be solved without appealing to all wars.

Game play

The game ended when the ball into the hoop, and the players who achieved this great skill were blessed and received valuable gifts such as delicate weaving cloaks and valuable feathers. However, it is clear from the Spanish descriptions of the Azteca game that this was very rare. Usually, the game is almost unknown and is determined according to another standard.

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A map of the 17th century Nova Ispannia by Jean Brau.

The history of ball games in Mesoerica (now Mexico, Guatemala, Belies, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and some of the Costa Rica) dates back to dating thousands of years ago. Such a play was the foundation of political, social, and ritual life in the community and empire that flourished in this area. In fact, an anthropologist Paul Kirchhov, who created the word "Mesa America", includes a ball game on a list of features that define the cultural tradition of Mesa America.

How to play ball games

The ball games of Mesa America were unique in promoting the ball using the waist. In contrast, Japanese Kemari and Chinese ball games were played with their feet, and ancient Greece and Rome ball games mainly rely on their hands. Meso America's ball was sturdy and was made from abundant rubber in the area, so it had the advantage of bounce.

Ball coat

The main features of the ball coat in Mesoerica are the central alley with a length of 80 meters and the hills on both sides.

ring

Although it was not on the early ball coat, the addition of the hig h-sided ring of the platform where the ball had to pass was added, making the player's work more difficult.

ball

The ball is made of rubber, it is 13 to 30 cm in diameter and 0. 5 to 7 kg.

player

A 16t h-century Spanish material has shown that kings and aristocrats had held their team. By playing games, political conflicts and other conflicts could be solved without appealing to all wars.

Game play

The game ended when the ball into the hoop, and the players who achieved this great skill were blessed and received valuable gifts such as delicate weaving cloaks and valuable feathers. However, it is clear from the Spanish descriptions of the Azteca game that this was very rare. Usually, the game is almost unknown and is determined according to another standard.

Score management

It is not sure what the scoring system in the Mesa American ball games was, but there are various documents about how the scoring was recorded. One of them is a game called "Urama", which is mainly held today, although it is mainly a tourist destination. According to the player, if the player hits the ball twice or hits in the wrong body, the opponent's team gets one point, and the team passes the ball over the end line, and gets one point. If the ball does not pass through the middle of the coat, the opponent team will get one point.

A score board made of a volcanic rock used by the Mayan (650-850).

According to other documents, the purpose was to reach 9 points first, but it was not so easy to reach. In one phase, the back was contested, and points were sometimes gained at the same time, and sometimes lost. For example, even if Team A is leading 3-1 in Ura, if you lose at the next point, the score of Team A will be zero and Team B will earn 1 point. In this way, it can be reversed from 3-1 to 0-2 in an instant.

A stone hoop on the ball coat of Chichen Itza, Mexico.

3600 years ago ball

Archaeologists, who worked at the Mexican National Institute of Human Education, from 1988 to 1994, had an unusual discovery at the E l-Manati archeological site in Belacles, Mexico. Located in the wetlands, this archeological site was an ancient ritual sacrifice and burial area of ​​Olmeca culture. The soil condition of this lan d-specific wetland has surely preserved rotten substances that could not survive in other ways. Valuable gifts were dedicated to the gods, which were the best of Meso America's crafts and artistic. Archaeologists have found 12 hard rubber balls, along with polished jade axes and wood carving paste.

An illustration of the 15t h-century CodeX Borgia depicting the Aztec god, XIUHTECUHTLI, dedicating a rubber ball in the temple. < SPAN> It is not sure what the scoring system in the Mesa American ball games was, but there are various documents about how the scoring was recorded. One of them is a game called "Urama", which is mainly held today, although it is mainly a tourist destination. According to the player, if the player hits the ball twice or hits in the wrong body, the opponent's team gets one point, and the team passes the ball over the end line, and gets one point. If the ball does not pass through the middle of the coat, the opponent team will get one point.

A score board made of a volcanic rock used by the Mayan (650-850).

According to other documents, the purpose was to reach 9 points first, but it was not so easy to reach. In one phase, the back was contested, and points were sometimes gained at the same time, and sometimes lost. For example, even if Team A is leading 3-1 in Ura, if you lose at the next point, the score of Team A will be zero and Team B will earn 1 point. In this way, it can be reversed from 3-1 to 0-2 in an instant.

A stone hoop on the ball coat of Chichen Itza, Mexico.

3600 years ago ball

Archaeologists, who worked at the Mexican National Institute of Human Education, from 1988 to 1994, had an unusual discovery at the E l-Manati archeological site in Belacles, Mexico. Located in the wetlands, this archeological site was an ancient ritual sacrifice and burial area of ​​Olmeca culture. The soil condition of this lan d-specific wetland has surely preserved rotten substances that could not survive in other ways. Valuable gifts were dedicated to the gods, which were the best of Meso America's crafts and artistic. Archaeologists have found 12 hard rubber balls, along with polished jade axes and wood carving paste.

An illustration of the 15t h-century CodeX Borgia depicting the Aztec god, XIUHTECUHTLI, dedicating a rubber ball in the temple. It is not sure what the scoring system in the Mesa American ball games was, but there are various documents about how the scoring was recorded. One of them is a game called "Urama", which is mainly held today, although it is mainly a tourist destination. According to the player, if the player hits the ball twice or hits in the wrong body, the opponent's team gets one point, and the team passes the ball over the end line, and gets one point. If the ball does not pass through the middle of the coat, the opponent team will get one point.

A score board made of a volcanic rock used by the Mayan (650-850).

According to other documents, the purpose was to reach 9 points first, but it was not so easy to reach. In one phase, the back was contested, and points were sometimes gained at the same time, and sometimes lost. For example, even if Team A is leading 3-1 in Ura, if you lose at the next point, the score of Team A will be zero and Team B will earn 1 point. In this way, it can be reversed from 3-1 to 0-2 in an instant.

A stone hoop on the ball coat of Chichen Itza, Mexico.

3600 years ago ball

Archaeologists, who worked at the Mexican National Institute of Human Education, from 1988 to 1994, had an unusual discovery at the E l-Manati archeological site in Belacles, Mexico. Located in the wetlands, this archeological site was an ancient ritual sacrifice and burial area of ​​Olmeca culture. The soil condition of this lan d-specific wetland has surely preserved rotten substances that could not survive in other ways. Valuable gifts were dedicated to the gods, which were the best of Meso America's crafts and artistic. Archeologists have found 12 hard rubber balls, along with polished jade axes and wood carving paste.

An illustration of the 15t h-century CodeX Borgia depicting the Aztec god, XIUHTECUHTLI, dedicating a rubber ball in the temple.

Radiocarbon dating has determined that the rubber balls date to around 1600 BCE, making them the world's oldest evidence of rubber production and use. The balls vary in size, suggesting that they may have been intended as offerings rather than for use in any particular form of Mesoamerican ball game. Extensive archaeological, ethnographic, and chemical research has provided deep insight into how these rubber balls were made and the technical knowledge required to create these incredible objects.

19th century illustration of the harvesting of latex from rubber trees.

El Manati's rubber balls were made from the latex of Castilla elastica, a rubber tree native to southern Mexico. To increase the elasticity of the balls so they could bounce off the hips and high into the air, Mesoamerican rubber growers added juice from the morning glory vine, Ipomoea alba. These rubber craftsmen had extensive knowledge of rubber materials and adjusted the ratio of latex to sap to suit their needs. In rubber balls, the ratio of morning glory sap to rubber tree latex was 1:1, which gave them maximum elasticity. In contrast, the soles of rubber sandals had three times as much latex as sap, maximizing durability.

Rubber balls from a Peruvian tomb.

Art of Veracruz

Throughout Mesoamerican history, ball games have been represented in a variety of art forms, from ceramic sculptures to carved stelae, from stone sculptures to painted vases. However, among the artworks dedicated to the game of hipball, some stand out and offer valuable insights into the costumes, ceremonies, and rituals of the game.

Veracruz, located on the southern Gulf Coast of Mexico, is home to a number of ritual complexes called Yugo, Palma, and Hacha. Ball art reached its greatest flourish in Veracruz, especially during the Classic period between 250 and 900 AD. These objects represent a collection of ceremonial attire worn by ball players during ceremonies and rituals before and after the game. The beauty of the themes depicted in Classic Veracruz art is unparalleled.

Yugos in the Veracruz Classic style (600-900).

Yugos

Yugos (York) is a U-shaped stone object, which resembles a yoke on the neck of a 輓 animal. There was no 輓 animal in Mesa America before the Columbus period, so Yugo is probably a wooden or leather hip protector that the ball player was wearing during his play. Yugo has the longest history in Mesa America, and is the most abundant of the image.

Many animals related to the underworld, such as frogs, frogs, and cat animals, are drawn. Many relics have been discovered from the burial area, but in some cases Yugo has been intentionally destroyed, indicating the possibility that the life of the relics has been closely linked to the owner of the owner. Considering the story of Popol Vuf, which clearly links the ball games and the underworld, the relationship between the ball gear and the underworld will not be surprising.

Hacha of the Olmeca (100-400).

Hacha

Hacha, which means "ax" in Spanish, was a sculpture of a thi n-blade stone, which was elaborately carved in the shape of a human and animal head, probably as an accessory of "Kubiki". Many of the Hacha depicting the human head are closed. The scholars interpret them as drawing the cut head. This indicates the victims of the human body sacrifice ritual related to the ball games performed throughout Meso America. Birds and monkeys are the most often drawn in Hacha.

Bellacles (600-1000) Palma.

Parma

Palma is a large stone sculpture reminiscent of a palm. Like Hacha, Palma may have been attached to Yugo as part of the ritual decoration. Palma seems to have been invented in posterity, and may have the image of sacrifice and ending magic, but decorations are very diverse, and many of them simply draw animals, plants, and more abstract symbols.

Initial literature

It is a difficult task to reconstruct the age of the first ball game and the role of ball games in society. Most clues can be obtained from archeological discoveries, but there are evidence gained from the literature recorded long later.

One of them is a manuscript of Maya, called Popol Vufu, and the origin of the ball games of Mesoerica is linked to the creation of the world itself, which is spoken through the story of a hero's twin.

Gilbert James's head illustration of Funafup and Cuskick (1913).

Hero's twins < Span> Yugos (York) is a U-shaped stone object, similar to York on the neck of a 輓 animal. There was no 輓 animal in Mesa America before the Columbus period, so Yugo is probably a wooden or leather hip protector that the ball player was wearing during his play. Yugo has the longest history in Mesa America, and is the most abundant of the image.

Many animals related to the underworld, such as frogs, frogs, and cat animals, are drawn. Many relics have been discovered from the burial area, but in some cases Yugo has been intentionally destroyed, indicating the possibility that the life of the relics has been closely linked to the owner of the owner. Considering the story of Popol Vuf, which clearly links the ball games and the underworld, the relationship between the ball gear and the underworld will not be surprising.

Hacha of the Olmeca (100-400).

Hacha of the Olmeca (100-400).

Hacha of the Olmeca (100-400).

Hacha of the Olmeca (100-400).

Parma

Palma is a large stone sculpture reminiscent of a palm. Like Hacha, Palma may have been attached to Yugo as part of the ritual decoration. Palma seems to have been invented in posterity, and may have the image of sacrifice and ending magic, but decorations are very diverse, and many of them simply draw animals, plants, and more abstract symbols.

Initial literature

It is a difficult task to reconstruct the age of the first ball game and the role of ball games in society. Most clues can be obtained from archeological discoveries, but there are evidence gained from the literature recorded long later.

One of them is a manuscript of Maya, called Popol Vufu, and the origin of the ball games of Mesoerica is linked to the creation of the world itself, which is spoken through the story of a hero's twin.

Gilbert James's head illustration of Funafup and Cuskick (1913).

Hero's twin Yugos (York) is a U-shaped stone object, which resembles a yoke on the neck of a 輓 animal. There was no 輓 animal in Mesa America before the Columbus period, so Yugo is probably a wooden or leather hip protector that the ball player was wearing during his play. Yugo has the longest history in Mesa America, and is the most abundant of the image.

Many animals related to the underworld, such as frogs, frogs, and cat animals, are drawn. Many relics have been discovered from the burial area, but in some cases Yugo has been intentionally destroyed, indicating the possibility that the life of the relics has been closely linked to the owner of the owner. Considering the story of Popol Vuf, which clearly links the ball games and the underworld, the relationship between the ball gear and the underworld will not be surprising.

Hacha of the Olmeca (100-400).

Hacha

Hacha, which means "ax" in Spanish, was a sculpture of a thi n-blade stone, which was elaborately carved in the shape of a human and animal head, probably as an accessory of "Kubiki". Many of the Hacha depicting the human head are closed. The scholars interpret them as drawing the cut head. This indicates the victims of the human body sacrifice ritual related to the ball games performed throughout Meso America. Birds and monkeys are the most often drawn in Hacha.

Bellacles (600-1000) Palma.

Parma

Palma is a large stone sculpture reminiscent of a palm. Like Hacha, Palma may have been attached to Yugo as part of the ritual decoration. Palma seems to have been invented in posterity, and may have the image of sacrifice and ending magic, but decorations are very diverse, and many of them simply draw animals, plants, and more abstract symbols.

Initial literature

It is a difficult task to reconstruct the age of the first ball game and the role of ball games in society. Most clues can be obtained from archeological discoveries, but there are evidence gained from the literature recorded long later.

One of them is a manuscript of Maya, called Popol Vufu, and the origin of the ball games of Mesoerica is linked to the creation of the world itself, which is spoken through the story of a hero's twin.

Gilbert James's head illustration of Funafup and Cuskick (1913).

Hero's twins

Hero Twins, who plays the ball, is a central entity in understanding the unique culture that has defined Mesa America for over 3, 000 years, and why the ball game is a sacred position in the Mesa American world. He explains if he occupied it.

The story is two pairs of brothers, Hero Twins Funap (Wah Nuh Pooh) and Exbaranke (Ish Bay Lan Kay), his father, the brilliant ball player, and his uncle Vokubu Funap (VOH COB WAH) Developed around NUH Pooh).

Click the play button below to hear the story ...

Hero twin story

Popol Vufu

The most important literature written in the Mayan is the Popol Vuff, compiled by the Dominico Association Francisco Himenes in the early 18th century (around 1701). Symenes has served as a parish priest in several towns in Guatemala, between 1689 and 1721, and learned some Mayan, including Kiche and Kakchi.

In the town of Chichicastenango, Symenes has found a story about Kiche's story about the creation of the universe and the first people, and the legendary history of the Kiche rulers up to 1524 when the first European arrived.

Dominico Association Master Francisco Himenes.

Symenes copied the manuscript and translated it into Spanish. It is the only manuscript that he wrote. The original text of Kiche has been lost, and no one has seen him since he discovered it. What Himenes is transcribed is currently in the New Berry Library in Chicago.

The title page of Popol Vuf, which is held in the New Berry Library in Chicago. Popol Vufu, World Digital Library

Popol Vuf's page where the hero twins are challenging the hipball game by the ruler of the underworld. The left is the original text of Kiche Maya, and the right is a Spanish translation by Francisco Himenes. Popol Vufu, World Digital Library

Ritual role

Ritual role

Ritual role

The ball games are deeply carved into the culture of Meso America and play a legendary role in the creation of the universe itself.

Relief panel of the world's largest ancient Mayan city El Mirador (around 300 BC).

There are two themes in the ritual significance of ball games. One is life, death, wetness and drying, duality of darkness and light, and the other is fertility. Both are related to the passing of the sun and the life cycle of corn, a staple crop that supports the people of Mesoerica.

Undoubtedly, the ritual significance of the ball games has changed in 3, 000 years when ball games were performed throughout Mesoerica. Thus, it is impossible to argue that ball games have a specific ritual meaning in all the culture of Mesoerica, but it is clear that ball games played a basic role in religious life.

Nevertheless, it is clear that the hero's twin story had a long pedigree in the Mayan area. Sculptures and reliefs depicting the scenes of the story have been found by archeologists, proving that the age is around 200 BC.

The head of Olmeka from the 13th and 10th century BC.

Olmeck

For a long time, the origin of the ball games of Mesoerica has been considered to Olmeca, who has been considered a "mother culture" of Meso America, up to 1500 BC. The Olmeka, mainly in the Mexican Gulf region in southern Mexico, first developed important cultural characteristics of Mesoerica, such as letters and calendars.

However, a 2 5-year study has questioned whether the Olmekans were actually devoted to ball games.

It is a work of art and image that indicates scenes related to ball games, and a ball coat building that remains on archeological sites.

The oldest ball coat

Ball coat in Monte Alban, Ohahaka, Mexico.

The oldest ball coat

The oldest ball coat discovered by archeologists was excavated at archeological sites called Paso de La Amada, which is close to the goatemala border, in the southern part of the Mexican Pacific Pacific. Radioactive carbon age measurement revealed that the archeological site was built between 1490 and 1270 BC. This is before Olmeca's influence in this archeological site. < SPAN> Ball games are deeply engraved in the culture of Mesoerica and play a legendary role in creating the universe itself.

Relief panel of the world's largest ancient Mayan city El Mirador (around 300 BC).

There are two themes in the ritual significance of ball games. One is life, death, wetness and drying, duality of darkness and light, and the other is fertility. Both are related to the passing of the sun and the life cycle of corn, a staple crop that supports the people of Mesoerica.

Undoubtedly, the ritual significance of the ball games has changed in 3, 000 years when ball games were performed throughout Mesoerica. Thus, it is impossible to argue that ball games have a specific ritual meaning in all the culture of Mesoerica, but it is clear that ball games played a basic role in religious life.

Nevertheless, it is clear that the hero's twin story had a long pedigree in the Mayan area. Sculptures and reliefs depicting the scenes of the story have been found by archeologists, proving that the age is around 200 BC.

The head of Olmeka from the 13th and 10th century BC.

Olmeck

For a long time, the origin of the ball games of Mesoerica has been considered to Olmeca, who has been considered a "mother culture" of Meso America, up to 1500 BC. The Olmeka, mainly in the Mexican Gulf region in southern Mexico, first developed important cultural characteristics of Mesoerica, such as letters and calendars.

However, a 2 5-year study has questioned whether the Olmekans were actually devoted to ball games.

It is a work of art and image that indicates scenes related to ball games, and a ball coat building that remains on archeological sites.

The oldest ball coat

Ball coat in Monte Alban, Ohahaka, Mexico.

The oldest ball coat

The oldest ball coat discovered by archeologists was excavated at archeological sites called Paso de La Amada, which is close to the goatemala border, in the southern part of the Mexican Pacific Pacific. Radioactive carbon age measurement revealed that the archeological site was built between 1490 and 1270 BC. This is before Olmeca's influence in this archeological site. The ball games are deeply carved into the culture of Meso America and play a legendary role in the creation of the universe itself.

Relief panel of the world's largest ancient Mayan city El Mirador (around 300 BC).

There are two themes in the ritual significance of ball games. One is life, death, wetness and drying, duality of darkness and light, and the other is fertility. Both are related to the passing of the sun and the life cycle of corn, a staple crop that supports the people of Mesoerica.

Undoubtedly, the ritual significance of the ball games has changed in 3, 000 years when ball games were performed throughout Mesoerica. Thus, it is impossible to argue that ball games have a specific ritual meaning in all the culture of Mesoerica, but it is clear that ball games played a basic role in religious life.

Nevertheless, it is clear that the hero's twin story had a long pedigree in the Mayan area. Sculptures and reliefs depicting the scenes of the story have been found by archeologists, proving that the age is around 200 BC.

The head of Olmeka from the 13th and 10th century BC.

Olmeck

For a long time, the origin of the ball games of Mesoerica has been considered to Olmeca, who has been considered a "mother culture" of Meso America, up to 1500 BC. The Olmeka, mainly in the Mexican Gulf region in southern Mexico, first developed important cultural characteristics of Mesoerica, such as letters and calendars.

However, a 2 5-year study has questioned whether the Olmekans were actually devoted to ball games.

It is a work of art and image that indicates scenes related to ball games, and a ball coat building that remains on archeological sites.

The oldest ball coat

Ball coat in Monte Alban, Ohahaka, Mexico.

The oldest ball coat

The oldest ball coat discovered by archeologists was excavated at archeological sites called Paso de La Amada, which is close to the goatemala border, in the southern part of the Mexican Pacific Pacific. Radioactive carbon age measurement revealed that the archeological site was built between 1490 and 1270 BC. This is before Olmeca's influence in this archeological site.

About 750 kilometers northwest of Paso de la Amada, in the village of Etlatongo in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, there are two ball courts built one on top of the other. The older one dates to about 1375 BCE. Etlatongo is hundreds of kilometers from the Gulf Coast, indicating that formal ball courts developed beyond the Olmec heartland.

Seated Olmec statue from the 12th to 9th centuries BCE.

Spread of ball play

Ball courts began to spread throughout Mesoamerica during the period known as the Late Formative Period, from 400 BCE to 100 BCE.

Plan of the tecpan (palace) of Tenochtitlan by Bernardino de Sahagún. Other features of the drawing are the two great temples (a), Cuauxicalli (Eagle Bowl) (b), one of Calimecatl (House of the Priest) (c), the House of the Eagle or Warrior Shrine (e); Tzompantli (Skull Shelf) (g), the Temple of Xipí (h), Temalacatl (Gladiator Stone) (t), the Dance Court (n), and Coatenamitl (Wall of Snakes).

Ball courts play a leading role

As ball courts became more popular, they were built more and more in urban centers and became associated with the political and religious elites of the region. They were not just arenas for playing games, but also places of religious ceremonies and had political influence.

Depiction of a ball player from the Jalisco culture, Mexico, 300 BC to 400 AD.

The ball player wears a protective belt around his waist and a pastillage on his shoulder.

The ballplayer's ears, decorated with discs (tumbas), indicate that he is an important dignitary.

The ballplayer appears to be holding a rubber ball and throwing it to the players.

The ballplayer's headdress is covered by a helmet with an arrow pattern.

The ballplayer is currently on display at the FIFA Museum.

Ball courts were not just places to play sports, they had a great significance in Mesoamerican culture.

Ceramic model of a ball court from Nayarit (200 BC - 500 AD)bpk Berlin/Los Angeles County Museum of Art/Art Resource, NY/Staff Photographer

Detail of a ceramic model of a ball court from Nayarit (200 BC - 500 AD).

Detail of a ceramic model of a ball court from Nayarit (200 BC - 500 AD).

Details of ceramic ball coat model excavated (200 B C-500 BC) excavated (200 B C-500 BC).

Details of ceramic ball coat model excavated (200 B C-500 BC) excavated (200 B C-500 BC).

• Nayarit ball coat model
• A beautiful ball coat model excavated from the Nayarit State in the northwestern part of Mexico indicates that such play spread throughout Meso America during the second half of the year, reaching the northwestern frontier.
• These models are one of the most clearly expressing the ball games of Meso America during the Columbus period. Not only does the players are obsessed with the game, but they also show that the audience is flocking around the stadium to see the situation at a glance.

I have no choice but to speculate who the audience was, such as elite, common, priest, foreign officials, other players, and players. Ball games and daily life

Illustration of Aztec ball games by Diego Duran. In Duran's "Historia de Las Indias" (1579), gambling is an essential element for the game, and the nobles bet on "jewelry, slaves, jewelry, fine cloak, weapons, women's decorations". It is written. Even those who bet their mistress were.

Ball games and daily life

A

There are almost no similarities between the current soccer and the ball games of Mesoerica, but there are some similarities. First, the ball coat was a space that promoted social unity. Like today's soccer, people were able to support their families, local communities, and social associations. Among the audience, betting was also a daily occurrence, and even those who lost their homes and things because they bet on the results of the match. It has also been shown that ball coats and other public architecture played an important role in the progress of social differentiation that occurred during the late formation period. Games and balls are used not only for the rulers to show off their physical strength, but also for religious rituals that indicate that they are intermediaries between the human world and the world of gods. It should be.

The ball game decline?

The basic role of Social, political, and ritual life in Meso America seems to have disappeared in the previous classical period (250 to 600 AD).

The pyramid of the sun in Teotiwakan. < SPAN> Details of ceramic ball coat model excavated (200 B C-500 BC) excavated.

Details of ceramic ball coat model excavated (200 B C-500 BC) excavated (200 B C-500 BC).

Nayarit ball coat model

B

A beautiful ball coat model excavated from the Nayarit State in the northwestern part of Mexico indicates that such play spread throughout Meso America during the second half of the year, reaching the northwestern frontier.

These models are one of the most clearly expressing the ball games of Meso America during the Columbus period. Not only does the players are obsessed with the game, but they also show that the audience is flocking around the stadium to see the situation at a glance.

I have no choice but to speculate who the audience was, such as elite, common, priest, foreign officials, other players, and players.

Ball games and daily life

C

Illustration of Aztec ball games by Diego Duran. In Duran's "Historia de Las Indias" (1579), gambling is an essential element for the game, and the nobles bet on "jewelry, slaves, jewelry, fine cloak, weapons, women's decorations". It is written. Even those who bet their mistress were.

Ball games and daily life

There are almost no similarities between the current soccer and the ball games of Mesoerica, but there are some similarities. First, the ball coat was a space that promoted social unity. Like today's soccer, people were able to support their families, local communities, and social associations. Among the audience, betting was also a daily occurrence, and even those who lost their homes and things because they bet on the results of the match. It has also been shown that ball coats and other public architecture played an important role in the progress of social differentiation that occurred during the late formation period. Games and balls are used not only for the rulers to show off their physical strength, but also for religious rituals that indicate that they are intermediaries between the human world and the world of gods. It should be.

The ball game decline?

The basic role of Social, political, and ritual life in Meso America seems to have disappeared in the previous classical period (250 to 600 AD).

The pyramid of the sun in Teotiwakan. Details of ceramic ball coat model excavated (200 B C-500 BC) excavated (200 B C-500 BC).